Artificial intelligence is defined in the National Artificial Intelligence Act of 2020 as "a machine-based system that can, for a given set of human-defined objectives, make predictions, recommendations or decisions influencing real or virtual environments" (U.S. Department of State, n.d.).
The International Organization for Standardization defines it as "a technical and scientific field devoted to the engineered system that generates outputs such as content, forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives" (n.d.).
References
International Organization for Standardization. (n.d.). What is artificial intelligence (AI)? https://www.iso.org/artificial-intelligence/what-is-ai
U.S. Department of State (AI). (n.d.). Artificial intelligence. https://www.state.gov/artificial-intelligence/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20term%20'artificial%20intelligence',influencing%20real%20or%20virtual%20environments.%E2%80%9D
Generative AI is "a type of artificial intelligence that can learn from and mimic large amounts of data to create content such as text, images, music, videos, code, and more, based on inputs or prompts" (Harvard University, 2024).
"Generative AI systems learn patterns and relationships from massive amounts of data, which enables them to generate new content that may be similar, but not identical, to the underlying training data" (United States Government Accountability Office, 2023).
References
Harvard University. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence (AI). Information Technology. https://huit.harvard.edu/ai
United States Government Accountability Office. (2023). Science and tech spotlight: Generative AI. https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-106782#:~:text=Generative%20AI%20systems%20learn%20patterns,to%20the%20underlying%20training%20data.
ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence program that generates dialogue in response to user inquiries (University of Central Arkansas, 2024).
ChatGPT was created by the AI and deployment company, Open AI, and it relies on machine learning algorithms to gather and process data for responses (OpenAI, 2024; University of Central Arkansas, 2024).
"A student can type in a question, and ChatGPT spits back out an easily understandable answer -- in a variety of formats with precise stipulations" (University of Central Arkansas, 2024).
References
OpenAI. (2024). About. https://openai.com/about/
University of Central Arkansas. (2024). Chat GPT: What is it? https://uca.edu/cetal/chat-gpt/#:~:text=Chat%20GPT%20is%20an%20artificial,generate%20responses%20to%20user%20inquiries.
Machine learning is "a type of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn without being programmed by humans" (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2024). Stanford University defines machine learning as "the part of AI studying how computer agents can improve their perception, knowledge, thinking, or actions based on experience or data" (Stanford University, 2020).
References
Stanford University. (2020). Artificial intelligence definitions. Stanford University. https://hai.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/2020-09/AI-Definitions-HAI.pdf
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2024). Artificial intelligence (AI) at HHS. https://www.hhs.gov/programs/topic-sites/ai/index.html
Natural language processing (NLP) is the "technology used to help computers understand human language," according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024).
NLP is "a formal area of study that takes communications by humans and transforms that information into something more suitable for computer use and analysis," according to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (2022).
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Natural language processing for cancer surveillance. https://www.cdc.gov/national-program-cancer-registries/data-modernization/natural-language-processing.html
National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2022). Teaching computers to read 'industry lingo' -- Technical vs. natural language processing. https://www.nist.gov/blogs/taking-measure/teaching-computers-read-industry-lingo-technical-vs-natural-language-processing
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